Ethnic Studies Department

Professor Emeritus: Stephen Fugita

Associate Professors: Anthony Q. Hazard Jr., James S. Lai, Anna Sampaio (Department Chair)

Assistant Professor: Jesica Fernández

Adjunct Lecturers: Allia Griffin, Loan K. Le

Ethnic studies is a compelling and dynamic discipline devoted to the critical examination of race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, class, and intersecting modes of inequality particularly as manifest in the experiences of historically marginalized populations. In the pursuit of social justice, it challenges dominant views of racial and ethnic groups that lead to inequalities while building on the critical studies of racialization and resistance with research and courses across a broad field including education, economic development, identity and empowerment, immigration, labor and employment, media, music, and popular culture, multiracial communities, sovereignty, transnational networks, voting rights, and political representation. Ethnic studies focuses on the roles and experiences of historically marginalized racial and ethnic populations with particular attention paid to African Americans/Blacks, Asian/Pacific Islander Americans, Chicanas/os and Latinas/os, and American Indian/Native Americans within the framework of the United States and within transnational networks. Coursework also emphasizes the comparative interaction between various racial/ethnic groups and cross-national approaches to their histories, cultural productions, and socioeconomic and political experiences.

As an academic department, Ethnic Studies fosters interdisciplinary inquiry. The faculty comprise a community of experts of critical racial and ethnic studies, while serving as teachers, mentors, and role models for undergraduate students. The Ethnic Studies Department strives to make connections between University learning, racial and ethnic communities, and social change, and encourages a reflective engagement with society and a commitment to fashioning a more humane and just world. The Ethnic Studies Department serves as a resource for students, faculty, and staff across the University who are interested in examining race and ethnicity and its intersections with multiple modes of inequality including class, gender, citizenship, and nationality.

The department offers students the option to complete a major in ethnic studies (bachelor of science) or a minor in ethnic studies. Students who declared a companion major in ethnic studies prior to spring 2016 will be able to complete the companion major or switch to a stand alone major if they choose. The major provides students with advanced and concentrated training in racial and ethnic studies with coursework clustered in the upper division around six themes: Community Engagement and Social Movements; Race, Law, Politics, and Policy; Intersectionality and Hybridity; Inequality and Education; Immigration, Transnationalism, and Globalization; and Social and Cultural Analysis. Both the stand alone major and minor enhance a student's employment opportunities in business, community service work, education, law, medicine, social work, politics, and government. For those considering graduate school, the majors provide a foundation for graduate studies particularly for those who seek to become university professors and researchers with a specialization in a variety of issues and policies impacting U.S. racial and ethnic communities.

Requirements for the Major

In addition to fulfilling Undergraduate Core Curriculum, students pursuing the major in ethnic studies must complete the following requirements:

  • ETHN 5

  • Two courses from ETHN 10, 20, 30, 40, 80

  • One of the following breadth electives: ANTH 86, 90; DANC 62; ENGL 35, 35G, 36, 37, 38, 39, 69; ETHN 11, 12, 21, 22, 35, 36, 41, 50, 51, 55, 65, 69, 70, 75, 95, 96; MUSC 20; RSOC 91; THTR 14, 65

  • Six upper-division courses selected from at least four of the following six categories:

    • Community Engagement and Social Movements (ETHN 112, 122, 123, 125,132, 133, 142, 149, 160, 163, 166, 171)

    • Race, Law, Politics and Policy (ETHN 120, 126, 127, 149, 153, 155, 178, 185)

    • Intersectionality and Hybridity (ETHN 121, 129, 141, 151, 152, 154, 157, 163, 167)

    • Inequality and Education (ETHN 150, 157, 161, 167)

    • Immigration, Transnationalism, and Globalization (ETHN 112, 120, 126, 127, 170, 171, 172, 178)

    • Social and Cultural Analysis (ETHN 124, 128, 130, 132, 135, 136, 141, 144, 145, 160, 162, 164, 166, 172)

Note: No class can be used to fulfill more than one category.

  • An upper-division elective that may be completed within ethnic studies or from any other department or program

  • An upper-division seminar in theory and methods (ETHN 165 or 195)

  • A capstone project fulfilled through one of two options: (1) completion of ETHN 198, or (2) a research project completed in an upper-division ethnic studies seminar. In the first option, students will complete an applied research project through ETHN 198 that typically encompasses a community internship along with a weekly essay and final paper. In the second option, students will complete a research project that typically entails intensive reading and writing and the execution of a research design or some equivalent project. The capstone provides opportunities for students to apply their understanding of methodology and specific methods to a project explicitly centered around critical racial and ethnic studies.

Requirements for the Minor

Students must fulfill the following requirements for a minor in ethnic studies:

  • ETHN 5

  • Two courses from ETHN 10, 20, 30, 40, 80

  • Three upper-division courses in ethnic studies

  • ETHN 198 or 199 or any other upper-division ethnic studies course. (Note: The capstone project is optional for students completing the minor.)

Departmental Courses Applicable to the Minor

Note: For course descriptions, see the listings of the relevant departments. Students should consult with the Ethnic Studies Department Chair to determine the applicability of courses taken at other institutions or in study abroad programs.

  • ANTH 86, 90, 146

  • ARTH 141

  • CHST 106

  • COMM 107, 121

  • DANC 62/162

  • ENGL 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 69, 130, 134, 139, 140, 155, 158, 166

  • HIST 153, 178, 180, 185

  • MUSC 20, 132

  • SPAN 133

  • POLI 153, 195

  • PSYC 189

  • RSOC 91, 139, 164, 184

  • SOCI 132, 153, 175, 150, 180

  • THTR 14, 65, 161, 189

Lower-Division Courses

5. Introduction to the Study of Race and Ethnicity in the United States

An introduction to the history and contemporary manifestations of race and ethnicity in the United States, paying particular attention to how race and ethnicity are socially constructed, the intersections of race, gender, and class dynamics, and the institutionalization of racial and ethnic hierarchies. Through critical readings, class discussions, and films, students will have the opportunity to develop a solid academic foundation for understanding race and cultural diversity in United States. Course is a basis for classes offered by all faculty in the Ethnic Studies Department, particularly the introductory-level courses. The course also serves as an introduction to the minor in the Ethnic Studies Department. (4 units)

10. Introduction to Native American Studies

Interdisciplinary exploration of the diverse experiences and history life of American Indians, Native Americans, and Indigenous people of the Americas. Topics include Native history, sovereignty, politics, economics, education, health, entertainment and recreation, identity, law and government, art, literature, performance, and religion. Explores key debates within Native American studies in relation to identity and identification regarding gender, sexuality, race, class, and ethnicity. (4 units)

11. Native American Literature

Also listed as ENGL 37. For course description see ENGL 37. (4 units)

12. Native American Religions

Also listed as RSOC 91. For course description see RSOC 91. (4 units)

20. Introduction to Chicana/o and Latina/o Studies

Since 1996, Latinas/os have constituted the largest racial/ethnic minority population in United States. Despite the significance of this population, most non-Latinas/os have little knowledge of the history, challenges, and important contributions made by this complex population. This class will begin to remedy that gap in knowledge by introducing students to the history and contemporary struggles of Chicanas/os and Latinas/os in the United States, focusing particular attention on the experiences of the largest groups of Latinas/os today: Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Central Americans, and Cuban Americans. (4 units)

21. Chicana/o Literature

Also listed as ENGL 36. For course description see ENGL 36. (4 units)

22. Chicana/o Theatre

Also listed as THTR 14. For course description see THTR 14. (4 units)

30. Introduction to African American Studies

Students will engage in major debates about the history, politics, and cultures of communities of African descent living in the United States. Students will examine texts at the cutting edge of interdisciplinary scholarship in African American studies in order to explore the key themes of origins, power, community, identity, and expression that are central to understanding race-related issues. In addition, students will create innovative research projects to help develop positions about the ideology of race, the dynamics of group consciousness, and the significance of collective action, self-determination, and aesthetics to the African American experience. (4 units)

35. African American Women Writers

Focuses on women writers of the Harlem Renaissance and the intersections of gender, race, and class. Examines paradigms that lead to racial inequity and social injustice, and themes of gender empowerment, miscegenation, colorism, passing, sexuality, and motherhood. Using poetry, short stories, plays, and film, examines how these women engaged in acts of resistance as they sought to rescue themselves from negative stereotypes and redefine themselves in the new world. Also listed as ENGL 35G and WGST 14. (4 units)

36. African American Literature

Also listed as ENGL 35. For course description see ENGL 35. (4 units)

40. Introduction to Asian American Studies

Multidisciplinary survey of Asian Americans including Asian cultural heritage, immigration, and the formation of Asian American communities. Examines worldviews and values, religious beliefs, family and kinship, language, and contemporary community issues of identity, sex roles, stereotyping, employment, and education. (4 units)

41. Asian American Literature

Also listed as ENGL 38. For course description see ENGL 38. (4 units)

50. Introduction to Filipino American Studies

Explores mainstream representations of the Filipino American community. Twentieth-century works written by and about Filipino Americans, with an emphasis on four relevant themes: the legacy of Spanish Colonialism and American Imperialism; U.S. politics and the history of Filipino American activism and resistance; problems of identity as it relates to class, gender/sexuality, mixed heritages, and generational differences; and Filipino Americans and popular culture. (4 units)

51. Introduction to the South Asian Experience in the United States

This course addresses mainstream representations of the South Asian American community. Students will read 20th-century works, written by and about South Asian Americans, with an emphasis on the following relevant themes: the history of South Asian immigrants to the United States; U.S. politics and the history of South Asian American activism and resistance; problems of identity as it relates to class, gender/sexuality, mixed heritages, and generational differences; South Asian Americans and popular culture; and the future of South Asian Americans in the United States and the reverse brain drain to India. (4 units)

55. Cross-Racial Electoral Politics

Examination of the historical and contemporary political movements among the major minority groups in the United States since the 1960s. The origins and goals of the Black Power movement, the Chicana/o movement, the Asian American movement, and the Native American movement will be focused on during the quarter. Each of these movements embodies similar and different trails with regard to their respective group's quest for political power and elected representation. Due to contemporary immigration trends, Latinas/os and Asian Americans have challenged the black-white paradigm that has traditionally defined U.S. racial politics in local and state-level politics. The result, in some instances, has been interracial competition and conflict at these levels. The necessary elements needed to build and to sustain multiracial coalitions along with what the political future holds for these minority groups will be addressed. Also listed as POLI 55. (4 units)

60. Introduction to Journalism: Diversity and Community

Also listed as COMM 40EL. For course description see COMM 40EL. (4 units)

65. Drama of Diversity

Also listed as THTR 65. For course description see THTR 65. (4 units)

70. Multicultural Literature of the United States

Also listed as ENGL 39 and WGST 16. For course description see ENGL 39. (4 units)

75. Iranian American Women Writers

The last two decades have witnessed a surge in texts published by Iranian American women. This course introduces readers to the voices of these women writers through their memoirs, art, fiction, poetry, and films. Through critical readings, class discussions, and films, students will have the opportunity to develop a solid academic foundation for understanding contemporary writings and lived experiences of Iranian American women. (4 units)

80. Introduction to the Study of Muslim and Arab Americans in the United States

This course is a multidisciplinary survey of the contemporary racial formation of Muslims and Arab Americans in the United States. Through critical readings, class discussions, and films, students will have the opportunity to develop a solid academic foundation for understanding contemporary writings and lived experiences of Muslims and Arab Americans in the United States. (4 units)

95. African American Independent Filmmakers

This class provides an in-depth analysis and historical overview of independent African American filmmakers who made significant contributions to the genre of film. We will examine how African American filmmakers used film as a medium to heighten the consciousness of their audience, combat negative stereotypes, give voice to marginalized or underrepresented groups, and raise social awareness about issues affecting their diverse communities. Using film and text, we will read, discuss, and write about paradigms that lead to inequity and injustice. Specifically, we will examine the intersection of gender, race, and class, and note how these dynamics are illustrated in the cinema of African Americans. We will also understand how African American filmmakers were able to rise above adversity and hone and sustain their art, while confronting their myriad oppressions. (4 units)

96. Race, Class, and Culture through Film

Explores how filmmakers who are concerned about racism portray the politics, history, and culture of people of African descent. Examines how this medium can humanize subjects who are often objectified and exploited and give voice to communities whose perspectives and opinions have been historically excluded from mainstream discourses. Considers how films can interrogate the physical, cultural, and sometimes, psychological brutality of racist practices, as well as the ways that racism intersects with other forms of marginalization related to class, gender, sexuality, and citizenship. The content, production, and distribution of these cinematic portraits illuminate the political philosophies, hybrid cultures, and emancipating collective action of black communities. Integrates students in faculty research by involving students in a documentary film project about the relationship between the social movements for African liberation and black power. (4 units)

Upper-Division Courses

111. Studies in Native American Literature

Also listed as ENGL 137. For course description see ENGL 137. (5 units)

112. Native Peoples of the United States and Mexico

Examination of the national policies, ideologies, and attitudes that have shaped the lives of indigenous peoples living along the U.S.-Mexico border. Issues include cultural survival, cultural change, national and individual identity, gender relations, legal and political problems, and intercultural relations. (5 units)

113. Native Americans of the United States

Also listed as HIST 180. For course description see HIST 180. (5 units)

120. Mexican Immigration to the United States

This class examines the history of Mexican immigration to the U.S. with a particular focus on changes occurring in the 20th and 21st century. We will examine both historical shifts in U.S.-Mexican relations which have impacted immigration in the region and look specifically at several key political issues including: unauthorized immigration, increasing detentions and deportations of immigrants, the effects of globalization on immigration, the rise in immigrant civic participation, and the relationship between immigration and national security. (5 units)

121. Chicana/o Families and Gender Roles

An examination of Chicana/o families in the United States. Addresses two general areas in family research: (1) the historical development of Mexican immigrant families and subsequent generations of communities and families of Mexican Americans, and (2) a life-cycle analysis of families with a specialized focus on gender roles and relations. (5 units)

122. Chicana/o Communities in the United States

Examination of the development of the social, cultural, political, and economic structures that shape Chicana/o communities in the United States. Themes include the evolution of barrios, the historical and contemporary impact of Mexican land grants, ghettoization, education, gangs, employment, and the political economy. (5 units)

123. The Chicana/o Experience

An examination of the major issues in the Chicana/o experience dealing with historical and contemporary topics. Themes such as race, identity and culture, immigration, community, family, gender, gangs, historical interpretations and the Chicana/Chicano movement will be examined. Politics and socioeconomic conditions including the farmworker movement and educational concerns will be addressed. (5 units)

124. Latino/a Literature and Cultural Studies

Also listed as ENGL 136. For course description see ENGL 136. (5 units)

125. Latinas/os in the United States

This class examines the history and politics of Latinas/os in the U.S. with a particular focus on the experiences of the largest ethnic groups within this population; namely Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Salvadorans, Dominicans, and Cuban Americans. Throughout the class we will compare and contrast their experiences being mindful of the intersecting differences of ethnicity, race, sex, gender, class, and age that alter the composition and opportunities of these communities. The class will highlight the political development of these populations, focusing particular attention on their relationship to both European and American colonization and expansion, patterns of immigration and incorporation, discrimination and obstacles to political empowerment, and mobilization for change. (5 units)

126. Latina/o Immigrant Detention and Incorporation in the Age of Terrorism

This class will examine shifts in immigration politics with specific focus on the largest population of immigrants in the United States, namely Latinas/os. In the course of this examination, we will pay particular attention to changes occurring after 1996 and the increasing scrutiny of both documented and undocumented immigrants that has led to surges in the numbers of immigrants detained, apprehended, incarcerated, and deported. We will be mindful of the gendered, class, and racialized dynamics at work in the development and execution of new immigration policy, and we will examine the effect of these shifts on concepts of citizenship. In the end, the course will compel students to consider the moral, political, and legal implications of an immigration policy focused disproportionately on enforcement and challenge them to find comprehensive alternatives. (5 units)

127. Race and Mass Incarceration

This course is an introduction to the development and contemporary expansion of the Prison-Industrial Complex, with particular attention to the disproportionate incarceration of individuals of color. Through critical readings, class discussions, and films, students will have the opportunity to develop a solid academic foundation for understanding contemporary discourses on mass incarceration. (5 units)

128. Mexican American Literature

Also listed as SPAN 133. For course description see SPAN 133. (5 units)

From the perspective of the sociology of religion, this course contextualizes the lives of Chicanas/Mexicanas in Mexican popular Catholic tradition, practices, and belief system with particular attention to race, class, gender, and sexuality. This course repositions feminist analysis from a brief acknowledgement of the influence of Mexican popular Catholicism in the lives of Chicanas/Mexicanas to a much more encompassing critical analysis of exactly how Catholicism influences women's everyday experiences. Through the use of case studies and secondary research, students will explore the creative and complex ways Chicanas/Mexicanas participate in the workforce, in politics, in public life, and at home as people of faith. Also listed as RSOC 139 and WGST 152. (5 units)

130. Studies in African American Literature

Also listed as ENGL 135. For course description see ENGL 135. (5 units)

132. The History of Hip-Hop

As Chuck D of Public Enemy once said, "Rap both dictates and reflects." This course will examine the historical contexts and diasporic flows that have shaped (and been shaped by) one the most important cultural forms on the planet. We will examine the multicultural roots/routes of rap and hip-hop from its West African bardic traditions to Caribbean and African American oral traditions; study the development of rap as a musical genre extending from soul, funk, and disco styles; analyze the musical and verbal traits of rap music as exemplary of an urban street/hip-hop aesthetic; discuss its influence on musical technology (i.e., sampling) and cultural influences in the mainstream; investigate concepts of authenticity as well as philosophical and political ideologies; review controversies and debates concerning rap music's articulations of race, gender, and sexuality; and examine the global impact of hip-hop culture. Musical examples and video documentaries will be used in conjunction with class lectures, discussion, and presentations by guest artists. Also listed as MUSC 132. (5 units)

133. Malcolm and Martin

This course explores the lives, philosophies, and political activism of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr. In an effort to complicate the violence/non-violence paradigm, which has often pitted the two men as political opponents, this course seeks to uncover the long trajectory of the philosophical development and political activism of both men through the end of each of their lives, in 1965 and 1968 respectively. Both figures lives and activism are situated within the black freedom movement of the 20th century, which was both transnational and global. As such, this course attempts to locate these two figures within various iterations of black nationalism, civil right activism, anti-colonialism, and Black Power. Also listed as HIST 168. (5 units)

135. African Americans in Postwar Film

This course examines the presence of African Americans in mainstream Hollywood films during the postwar period. How did Hollywood representations of African Americans change after World War II? What shifts and continuities occurred during the postwar period? And how did those changes reflect the ebbs and flows of civil rights activism through the 1970s? The goal of this course is to gain a deeper understanding of broader social and historical change by engaging the politics of race through a core aspect of American popular culture. Also listed as HIST 185. (5 units)

141. Asian American Women

An examination of Asian American women from a historical and contemporary framework within U.S. society. Focuses on the struggle for identity and adjustment in the first generation and the conflicts with subsequent generations of Asian American women. Analyzes two major themes: (1) the interplay of gender identity formation and conflict, both in the family and in the paid labor force; and (2) the development of individual and collective survival strategies. Also listed as WGST

  1. (5 units)

142. Asian American Communities

An examination of selected topics affecting Asian Americans in the United States. Issues include the changing nature of communities, community institutions, anti-Asian violence, occupational glass ceilings, higher education, political mobilization, gender relations, identity formation, and the new patterns of Asian immigration. (5 units)

144. Asian Americans in the Media

This course will explore historical and contemporary representations of Asian Americans in the media, with a particular emphasis on cinema. Starting with the era of silent film and through an analysis of race, ethnicity, gender, and class, we will examine how Asian Americans have been portrayed on the screen over time, as well the ways they have participated in Hollywood and independent productions as both performers and filmmakers. Class lectures and readings will address the social contexts of these productions and provide tools for interpreting visual culture. By studying media as sites of knowledge, we will develop a critical understanding of how ideas of and about Asian Americans are constructed, perpetuated, and contested. (5 units)

145. Studies in Asian American Literature

Also listed as ENGL 138. For course description see ENGL 138. (5 units)

149. Civil Rights and Anti-Colonial Movements

This course examines the connections between two historical developments often treated separately: the U.S. civil rights struggle and African anti-colonial movements. By placing these two movements in a transnational framework, the course explores the global challenge to the racialized world order of the 19th and early 20th century. How did the civil rights struggle gain momentum in the aftermath of World War II? What was the longer history and role of "black nationalism" and Pan-Africanism in the transnational struggle? What were the connections between the civil rights movement and contemporary independence movements in Africa and Asia? One of the central goals of the course is to show how we can expand our understanding of U.S. history by reaching beyond the interaction between the U.S. government and other nation-states to examine political and cultural change. Also listed as HIST 153. (5 units)

150. Urban Education and Multiculturalism

This course takes a critical multicultural approach to understanding urban education, encouraging a connection between theory and personal experience and observations. With a focus on schools in large urban contexts, this course centralizes the experiences of low-income, students of color. Race and class will be two critical lenses with which we will examine (1) the historical context of educational inequality, (2) current issues of educational inequity, and (3) the movement towards educational justice. Students should leave the course with a stronger understanding of the social and historical foundations of U.S. education. (5 units)

151. Race, Class, and Gender in the United States

Also listed as SOCI 153 and WGST 115. For course description see SOCI

  1. (5 units)

152. Multiracial Identities

This course focuses on multiracial identity constructs in African American and Asian American literature. Using journey as a metaphor, the course seeks to define "movement" and "place" in contexts where physical, spiritual, voluntary, or forced journeys contribute to the transformative possibilities of race, class, gender, and identity. (5 units)

153. Minority Politics in the United States

Also listed as POLI 153. For course description see POLI 153. (5 units)

154. Women of Color in the United States

Explores the historical and present-day issues for women of color in the United States inclusive but not limited to key topics such as sexuality, family, work, media, and activism. Students will examine the impact of racism, sexism, heterosexism, and classism on African American, Asian American, Chicana/Latina, and Native American women in the United States. Using an interdisciplinary approach, students will also investigate their shared experiences as well as their differences. Also listed as WGST 112. (5 units)

155. Racism in the United States

Multidisciplinary study of racism in the United States. Its historical manifestations from the arrival of Europeans in North America to contemporary times; its psychological and political dimensions; and its impact on U.S. culture, law, and economy. (5 units)

157. Race, Gender, Class, and the College Experience

How do we understand our experiences in college? Explores student experiences in higher education by using lenses that focus on race, gender, and class. Activities, self-reflection, lecture, and discussion will be used to explore student identity, the history of higher education, college access and retention, campus climate, and student development. Also listed as WGST 114. (5 units)

158. Race, Gender, and Politics in the News

Also listed as COMM 168A and WGST 117. For course description see COMM 168A. (5 units)

159. Race, Gender, and Public Health in the News

Also listed as COMM 164A and WGST 116. For course description see COMM 164A. (5 units)

160. Documentary Making for Social Justice

This creative course provides students the opportunity to write, dissect, and produce their own 10-minute documentaries that are committed to social justice. In addition to producing their own films, students will examine how documentary filmmakers use film as a medium to heighten the consciousness of their audience, combat negative stereotypes, give voice to marginalized or underrepresented groups, and raise social awareness about issues affecting their diverse communities. Reading film as "text"---complete with their own arguments, aesthetic concerns, social, political, and historical influences---we will understand how documentaries are used to illumine disparities or confront issues of inequity and injustice. Specifically, we will examine the intersection of gender, race, class, spirituality, and sexuality, and note how these dynamics function in film to enlighten our global community. Writers in this course will be moved from idea to script and, ultimately, film. (5 units)

161. Creating Diverse College-Going Communities

In this course, students will develop an understanding of diversity issues in college access, reflect on their own experiences, utilize this knowledge to develop workshop curriculum to enhance college-going, and then implement this curriculum in high school classrooms as a community-based learning opportunity. This course introduces students to the background of colleges and universities in the United States, (including history, institutional types, and diverse student representation), then explores the many factors that influence college access and experiences in college (including class, race, gender, first-generation college student status, financial aid, and admissions processes). Students will reflect on their own college application and selection process and their experiences in college. Using this knowledge, students will engage in community-based learning (CBL) in which they provide college-related tutoring, mentoring, and workshops for high school students. (5 units)

162. Diversity and the Media

This course focuses on the complex, changing, dynamic, and powerful relationships between dominant and underrepresented groups in society, the mass media, and broader social contexts; and discusses media representations of social groups, contexts of media production, and media use among underrepresented groups. The concepts of hegemony, power, social construction, and intersectionality are vital for understanding these relationships, and vital for the course. The course connects to the field of cultural studies in that it focuses on the everyday uses of symbolic forms and aims to make students aware of, and sensitive to, some of the dynamics connected with media images, symbolic power, and the production of meaning in today's world. Students are encouraged to formulate, question, and put into context, their own versions of reality. Also listed as COMM 121A. (5 units)

163. Multiracial Communities in Central California

This course will examine the process of racialization in various communities throughout California and uncover how various ethno-racial groups within these communities live, work, and thrive together in their specific locales. This course will begin by interrogating definitions of community, spatial geography, political economy, as well as attempting to understand social attitudes about race and racism. Then we will examine various cities as case studies to understand the different ways multiracial communities formed. The end goal is to understand the nuances of how multiracial communities, both urban and rural, developed and inscribed meaning onto the geography of California. (5 units)

Also listed as MUSC 134. For course description see MUSC 134. (5 units)

165. Community-Based Research Methods

Provides students with the epistemological, theoretical and ethical foundations for engaging in community-based research methodologies with ethnically and culturally diverse communities. Students will examine decolonizing and anti-oppressive methodologies toward engaging in social justice and participatory action research. This course is designed to equip students with the skills and abilities to engage in community-based, action-oriented and collaborative research projects. The goal is for students to think critically and reflexively, while examining, reflecting and re/deconstructing how research methods and knowledge are reproduced. More specifically, this course engages students in community-based projects where knowledge is co-produced in collaboration with communities of color, who are most affected social structural issues, and well positioned to identify and address injustices through direct-actions and/or deconstructing systems of power and oppression. (5 units)

166. Race and Religion in the United States

Also listed as RSOC 184. For course description see RSOC 184. (5 units)

167. Race and Inequality

Also listed as SOCI 175. For course description see SOCI 175. (5 units)

170. Immigrant Businesses in the United States

Also listed as SOCI 150. For course description see SOCI 150. (5 units)

171. Immigrant Communities

Also listed as SOCI 180. For course description see SOCI 180. (5 units)

172. Whiteness Studies in the 21st Century

Explores the impact of immigration to the United States, particularly the effect of the immigration reform law of 1965 that resulted in large increases in immigration to the United States particularly from Latin America and Asia. This wave of immigrants and their U.S.-born children have significantly changed the fabric of American society. Examines case studies of immigrants and the second generation from Cuba, Mexico, Nicaragua, Vietnam, and Haiti using a comparative sociological perspective. Also listed as HIST 183. (5 units)

178. Race and World War II

World War II stands as one of the most explosive moments in U.S. and global history in the 20th century because of the myriad ways the conflict influenced the postwar world. The United States emerged from the war as the premiere global superpower in terms of combined military, diplomatic, and financial supremacy. However, the United States found itself under increased scrutiny due to its history and maintenance of structural or institutionalized racism. In the midst of military and ideological conflict against the Nazi regime in Germany, and addressing the claims of civil rights and anti-colonial activists, the United States became a composite site of the tensions that defined a democratic society struggling with ongoing racism. This reading seminar explores these tensions, which were exacerbated by the rise of anti-racist perspectives in the anthropological and biological sciences just preceding the war. The assigned readings and discussions engage these phenomena in order to properly explore the significance of "race" in the World War II era. Also listed as HIST 178. (5 units)

185. Seminar in U.S. Politics: Racial and Ethnic Politics

Also listed as POLI 195DW. For course description see POLI 195DW. (5 units)

194. Peer Educator in Ethnic Studies

Peer educators in ethnic studies work closely with a faculty member to help students in an ethnic studies course understand course material, think more deeply about course material, benefit from collaborative learning, and/or to help students enjoy learning. Enrollment is by permission of the instructor. (2 units)

195. Advanced Seminar in Critical Race Theory and Methods

This course serves as an introduction to several of the methods used in advanced research in critical race and ethnic interdisciplinary research. The course will examine a range of theoretical and applied topics in research methods including: debates in epistemology, objectivity, interdisciplinary, and intersectionality; how to formulate a research design (from research question to presentation of findings); and applications of specific methodological tools such as interviews, participant observation, biography, content analysis, experimental design, and survey research. (5 units)

197. Special Topics in Ethnic Studies

(1--5 units)

198. Internship

(2--5 units)

199. Directed Research

A capstone senior project that involves intensive reading and writing, culminating in a final research project under the direction of an ethnic studies faculty member Prerequisite: Written approval by the director of the Ethnic Studies Department prior to registration. (2--5 units)

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